Cervical Cancer
Separating the Myths from the Facts of Cervical Cancer Screening
Cervical cancer is almost entirely preventable today thanks to screening and the HPV vaccine. However, many myths prevent women from getting Pap tests, HPV screenings and pelvic exams that could potentially catch cervical cancer early. Following are some of the common myths about cervical cancer screening and the facts that prove them wrong.
Myth: Cervical cancer screenings, Pap tests and pelvic exams are only needed if you are sexually active.
Fact: It is recommended that the first visit with a gynecologist happens between ages 13 and 15. This is typically before sexual activity has occurred, and helps to get younger people accustomed to checking their cervical health. If you haven’t had sex or had a sexual partner, you shouldn’t be at risk of getting HPV. Currently, cervical cancer screening is not recommended before age 21 unless there is a specific health concern for an existing problem.
Myth: Pap tests are painful and invasive.
Fact: During a Pap test, a speculum is inserted into the vagina to hold it open, and a soft brush collects a sample of cervical cells. While many find this only mildly uncomfortable, some–especially those with certain disabilities, medical conditions, a history of trauma, or modesty concerns–may experience pain or distress. If you're concerned or prefer a loved one be present, talk to your doctor beforehand about using a smaller speculum or other accommodations.
Myth: A pelvic exam and a Pap test are the same thing.
Fact: They are not. A Pap smear (test) is the actual lab test that involves the collection of cells from the cervix to check for HPV, other precancerous conditions or cervical cancer. During a pelvic exam, your doctor will check your vagina, vulva, cervix, ovaries and uterus for any abnormalities.
Myth: Cervical cancer screening with a Pap test can affect a person’s virginity.
Fact: Some people equate the breaking of the hymen to losing your virginity. Virginity is based on whether a person has had sex, not the breaking of the hymen. It can actually break as a result of regular activities like riding a bike. Although it is possible for the procedure to break the hymen, it doesn’t always. A pelvic exam does not affect virginity.
Myth: Lesbians or transgender people do not need cervical cancer screening.
Fact: Anyone with a cervix needs to be screened, including transgender people and lesbians. Transgender females do not have a cervix and, therefore, would not need to get screened.
Myth: Once someone receives the HPV vaccine, they no longer need to get cervical cancer screenings.
Fact: Although the vaccine is highly effective at preventing HPV infection, it does not protect against all strains of the virus. Continuing Pap tests will be important to catching cervical cancer early.
